Non-equilibrium systems, where random external events such as drought are the main determinant of pasture availability, are found in drier areas: as rainfall diminishes it becomes more variable and this variability becomes an increasing source of vulnerability.
The lack of impairment in regularity is in contrast to reports on mouse models of episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2), in which PC firing becomes more variable and normalization of this variability reduces ataxic behavioral symptoms (24).
Copper retention, in contrast, appears to be optimized at an intermediate salinity consistent with brackish water, and therefore may release considerable fractions of retained copper at higher (e.g. seawater) salinity levels; copper retention also appears to become more variable and dependent on aggregation mechanism at these increasing salinities.
This result suggests BOLD signals in ventral striatum (putamen) can be predicted by prediction errors (PE) when action-reward dependencies vary slowly through time where PE fluctuates around 0 (Table 1, Figure 3), but not in phases where subject's behavior becomes more variable and is less dependent on previous experience.
If that system of buffering is disrupted by over-expression of AtCHR23, downstream genes become more variable and compromise the expression of other genes in ways that result in the reduced growth phenotype here documented.
Because phenotypic plasticity itself can evolve in some traits, often independently from the trait mean (Schenier 1993; Pigliucci 2005), we might expect that populations could become more plastic if future conditions become more variable and plasticity increases fitness (De Jong 1995).
Due to the progressive centromere co-localization during Arabidopsis plant development, centromere number becomes more variable and deviates strongly from the actual ploidy level, indicating that CENH3-GFP cannot be used to quantify the absolute chromosome number of individual cells in mature leaf or petal tissues.
After CBDL operation, the lung alveolar epithelial cells were flattened and the size of alveoli became more variable compared with naïve and sham rats when observed with H&E staining and the lung injury score increased significantly when compared with that in naïve or sham control rats (p < 0.001) (Fig. 6 A ).
Thereafter, temperature declined and became more variable with a strong minimum between about 1600 and 1900.
Immediately following the lesion, contact time increased substantially and became more variable from one daily session to the next.
