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Although it is now generally accepted that evolutionary breakpoints (i.e. rearrangement breakpoints that became fixed in a particular population) are not uniformly distributed on the human genome, the reasons why some regions tend to fix chromosomal rearrangements more than others still remains unclear and to date, no satisfactory explanation has yet been given at the whole genome level.
By studying the heteroplasmy levels of neutral mtDNA sequence variants in the blood of a female founder Holstein cow and her offspring, Hauswirth and Laipis showed that the allele frequency of these variants rapidly shifted and became fixed in a few generations [44].
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Even if you don't put that little © on your work, you automatically get copyright protection the instant your work of expression becomes fixed in a tangible medium.
"The supporters have tended to become fixed in a pattern of providing rather blanket defenses of the test instrument," he says.
Volkmann contracture, disorder of the wrist and hand in which the hand and fingers become fixed in a characteristic bent position.
"The time for these CRISPR alleles to spread and become fixed in a population is on the order of tens of generations," said Rob Unckless, the paper's first author and a postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics.
The mathematical model showed that an introduced allele is more likely to become fixed in a population when that allele efficiently converts its corresponding allele into a match, and when the fitness costs to the individual are weak.
So eventually, a given allele will eventually become fixed in a population, or go extinct, the latter being the more likely fate.
If selection would favor either one out of two mutations, but there is no extra advantage to having both, then the mutation that occurs the most frequently is the one that is most likely to become fixed in a population.
A Ka/Ks ratio that is significantly less than 1 indicates that nonsynonymous mutations are less likely to become fixed in a population.
Although most of them have deleterious effects on fitness [1] [3], natural selection increases the representation of those having beneficial effects, which can become fixed in a population.
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