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Clustering across multiple genomes inevitably bears a cost in terms of increased FP rates, however: 16% for OrthoMCL, and 36% for KOG.
A rare type therefore invades and challenges the dominant type, unless the rare type bears a cost sufficient to outweigh its inherent advantage.
Resistance bears a cost through any one of these parameters, while drug treatment blocks either cell infection or viral production of the sensitive strain with given efficacy.
Each EU resident (smoker or non-smoker) therefore bears a cost between €211 and €281 per year as the consequence of tobacco smoking in the region.
If inducing castration bears a cost to the parasite, in the form of slowing down spore development and growth, then it may affect its competitive ability with other clones.
Similar(55)
Like other forms of compensation, options bear a cost to the corporation.
That will bear a cost and will probably mean lower headline rates but it should mean that more savers are treated fairly.
But the burst of projects bore a cost: each family was required to deliver 17 bags of pebbles every month to its local party committee.
In effect, Nash thinks they're are being asked to bear a cost that no one is even interested in accurately measuring.
Where access to the forests is free, and when the property rights to the products that can be picked from the ground are not clearly assigned, forest owners bear a cost, in the form of forest damage by pickers, and receive no benefit.
Such changes bear a cost which I do not doubt that the taxpayer will have to pick up.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com