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The laser beam was focused using an 85 mm focal length lens yielding a theoretical minimum 1/e2 beam intensity diameter of 14 µm and a Rayleigh length of 0.26 mm.
The beam was focused using a 63× objective (Nikon, Japan).
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The laser beam is focused using a lens of focal length 185 mm and the transmittance is measured using a pyroelectric energy probe as a function of sample position z by translating the sample along the beam axis (z-axis).
From the calculated laser beam waist and Rayleigh range (the 5 mm diameter laser beam is focused using a spherical lens with focal length = 43 cm) we estimate the peak density of the packet to be a few 1010 cm −3.
For these measurements the laser beam is focused using a 20x objective on either a BBO crystal to generate SHG signal or on a 1 mm thick glass slide to generate THG.
A linearly polarized irradiation laser beam of 1,030-nm 1,030-nmth wavelengthd using a concave lens of 12.5-mm focal length.
The laser beam was focused on the target using a lens having focal length 160 mm.
The laser beam was focused on the sample using a confocal microscope.
The laser beam was focused on the target using a quartz lens with focal distance of 600 mm.
The laser beam was focused on the sample using confocal microscope with LWD ×50 objective of N.A. = 0.7.
The beam was focused onto the sample using the probe objective.
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