Since the atomic absorption cross-section of a resonant light with wavelength λ is given by σ0=3λ2/2π, a small beam radius is preferable for efficient coupling10 between atoms and photons.
The negative ion beam optics was designed according to the calculated results of beam divergence and beam radius along the beamlet in different acceleration voltages.
Results of MT-MIG confirm the beam launching with desired beam parameters at the beam radius corresponding to the selected operating modes for all three frequencies.
Three-dimensional simulations are used to study the effects of varying the electron beam radius and angular spread to enhance FEL gain and efficiency.
In this study, the relations of the parameters with encircled power ratio and the beam radius at target were further analyzed.
The optimum key design parameters and thermal focal lens are obtained by minimizing the root mean square of pump beam radius in the laser crystal.
Considering the beam parameters and the beam launching positions in cavity (beam radius), the design of Magnetically Tunable MIG (MT-MIG) is also presented.
Multi-mode simulations are used to study the effects of varying the electron bunch charge, beam radius, number of undulator periods, Rayleigh length, and cavity losses.
Through theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, a smaller beam radius in a specific reference plane and a smaller far-field divergence angle can be obtained.
The fundamental mode beam radius in rod, fundamental mode beam radius on the mirror, beam quality factor, and the value of the degree of the symmetry of the TEM00 mode volume as a function of the between neighbor rods distance, laser rod end face to mirror distance, and input power are simulated.
When the holograms were transferred by a two-lens system to the entrance pupil of a high numerical aperture (NA=0.5) lens12, the optical tweezers had a beam radius of wo=1.14 μm and the trap frequencies were measured as fr=100 kHz and fz=17 kHz for radial and axial directions, respectively25.
