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The reported beam expanding units has the deficiencies of serious speckle effect of coherence and the strict tolerance of alignment, respectively.
The structures of such beam expanding units were determined by calculating linear system of equations, and two kind of them were selected by analyzing the feasibilities of different structures due to the solves of equations.
According to the results of simulations, the designed four components beam expanding unit is proven to be an optimal scheme because of the evident declines of the tolerance sensitivities and speckle effects.
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Overnight, Beam expanded a bit more, adding another inch in length and eight inches in diameter.
Irradiating a solid surface with a laser beam expands a high-temperature plasma plume composed of free electrons, ionized atoms, etc. at a high velocity throughout ambient air.
As the entire structure warms up, the inner beams, expanding faster, pull the outer beams inward, shrinking the structure overall.
The thermal actuator beams expand due to Joule heating upon application of a DC voltage, which loads both the specimen and the force sensing beam.
After the layer rose to about 400 km altitude (Fig. 2g i), the irregularities in a zonal dimension of about 150 km, mostly in the western beams, expanded abruptly up to high altitude, 500 km or greater.
By employing a pair of conical lenses and a cylindrical lens behind the beam expander, the expanded Gaussian laser was shaped to a line-shaped beam whose intensity distribution is more consistent with the required distribution.
But in a cluttered living room, as the sound beam expands, it can bounce off furniture or other surfaces, which can lead to inaccurate readings.
The transmitting optics increases the beam diameter from 3 mm (i/p beam) to 9 mm (o/p beam), and the expanded beam is transmitted to the receiver through the atmospheric turbulent optical channel.
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