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The elastic moduli of beam elements are determined by using a linkage between molecular and continuum mechanics.
The mass and stiffness matrices of the beam elements are determined using Timoshenko beam elements including shear deformation and rotatory inertial effects.
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Trace elements were determined by ICP-ES.
Furthermore two node beam elements were used to model beams.
The use of beam elements is also not exceptional.
The remaining three elements' equations are determined by ρij*=ρji.
The sectional elastic constants of a composite box beam including warping deformations are determined from the refined cross-sectional finite element method.
The piezoelectric beam element is based on Timoshenko beam theory.
where and are determined based on the actual beam pattern.
The homogenized lamina level properties are determined analytically by using concepts similar to beam theory as well as with three-dimensional finite-element techniques.
The heights of the objects below are determined by how fast the laser beams bounce back.
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