Note that the total specific surface area of the beads (SBET = 641 m2/g) is 4,500 times larger due to the inner porosity of the beads (Table 1).
Two deep infections (4 %) developed in the immediate postoperative period in the metallic staples group, requiring multiple irrigations and debridements with delayed closure over antibiotic beads (Table 1).
Two black beads classified as EC-IP (b1 and b2) fulfil this requirement, corroborated by XRF data showing a high aluminium content and significant uranium traces typical of IP beads (Table 2).
Because the initial gap distance h0 is the same as the non-bonded cutoff radius between the rigid plate atoms and the CG beads (Table 1), any displacement of the plate toward the particle results in an axial loading via the repulsive energy potential; thus, there is no loading slack in the system when ϵ = 0.
Carbohydrate-active enzyme activities increased significantly over time and showed no overall difference between lignin-amended and unamended beads (Table 1).
At each time point, carbohydrate-active enzyme activities (beta-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, N-acetylglucosidase, and xylosidase) were always greater in the unamended controls compared to the amended beads (Table S1).
Based on PhyloChip results we performed a one-tailed, paired t-test for each identified taxon, and found a total of 39 taxa were significantly different between the lignin-amended beads and the controls, of which 38 were enriched on the lignin-amended beads (Table 3, Table S6).
Fungi were detected in the pyrotag data, but comprised a relatively small portion of the richness (<5.5%) and evenness (<5.8%), with more fungi in the unamended compared to the lignin-amended beads (Table S4, S5); phylogenetic information from metagenomic analysis supports this hypothesis [20].
The SPRI sample was loaded in only one lane due to poor amplification in the emPCR, resulting in only 159,000 enriched beads (Table S2) The first sequencing run generated 475,788 reads from the prepared libraries that passed all quality control filters built into the GS FLX pipeline; these reads were included in the study.
Secondary structural elements are maintained via extra harmonic distance restraints imposed on non-bonded beads (Table 1).
