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DNA secondary structures absorb UV light differently when folded and unfolded and taking the difference between these spectra gives an indicative spectrum which can be used for characterisation.
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Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Particle Size Analyser, X-ray Diffraction and Energy Dispersive Spectrum were used for characterisation.
Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique has been used for characterisation of evolution of microstructure in β-quenched and thermally aged zircaloy-2 specimens.
Field measurements by cup anemometer at a sampling frequency of 1 Hz and computational modelling were used for characterisation of the wind conditions at a region of complex orography.
Low scan rate cyclic voltammetry was used for characterisation in different acid electrolyte solutions, hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric, sulphuric and phosphoric, at low pH values with varying positive potential limits.
A variety of methods were used for characterisation.
1000 μL supernatant (0.016 mg extracellular proteins) was used for characterisation of enzyme activity.
Indications for liver-specific contrast agents include preoperative evaluation of liver metastases and characterisation of hepatocellular lesions (FNH, adenoma), whereas non-specific gadolinium chelates are used for characterisation of haemangiomas, after liver resection or tumour ablation.
The SERS technique has been used for characterisation of single CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells with a microfluidic device where gold nanoparticles were introduced into cells for Raman enhancement.
The commercial hexaploid bread wheat cultivar Chara (AWB Seeds Ltd., Australia) was used for characterisation of target gene sequences and for the isolation of homoeologous deletion mutants in these genes.
Other IHC markers that may be used for ILC characterisation include cathepsin D, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 intracytoplasmic localisation of p120-catenin [2, 5].
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