Sentence examples for be under strong balancing from inspiring English sources

The PBR of MHC molecules is involved in antigen recognition and as such may be under strong balancing selection when compared with the non-PBR sites [ 14].

Although the MK test was originally developed to detect positive directional selection that has led to differences between species (thus displaying a negative skew in the ratios) [33], it has previously shown a very positive skew for some antigen genes that are under strong balancing selection (e.g. ama1, eba175, trap) [13], [15], [18].

There was clear evidence that expressed alleles were under strong balancing selection and these alleles were grouped into 17 functional supertypes based on their antigen binding affinities.

The presence of many functional loci was shown, together with a pseudogene family and putatively non-functional alleles; there was clear evidence that functional alleles were under strong balancing selection.

This study demonstrates significant contrasts in the population structure of P. falciparum vaccine candidates that are consistent with the merozoite antigens being under stronger balancing selection than non-merozoite antigens and suggesting that unique approaches to vaccine design will be required.

Therefore, haplotype diversity varied widely among countries and regions for non-merozoite antigens in association with transmission intensity and polymorphism, but was consistently high for the merozoite antigens irrespective of transmission intensity and levels of polymorphism suggesting that the latter are under stronger balancing selection.

The MHC is believed to be under strong selective balancing pressure (reviewed in [ 12]) under the key hypothesized mechanisms of negative frequency-dependent [ 13, 14] and overdominant selection [ 3, 15, 16].

Their physiological functions were mainly related to immune response (MHC region which was found under strong balancing selection, CD79A, CXCR4, DLK1, RFX3, SEMA4A, TICAM1 and TRIM21), nervous system (NEUROD6, OLFM2, MAGI1, SEMA4A and HTR4) and skin and hair properties (EDNRB, TRSP1 and KRTAP8-1).

This suggests that transmission plays a predominant role in the diversification of these non-merozoite antigens, and the similarities to neutral markers suggest that these genes are not under strong balancing selection.

Although no MHC genes were present in the list analyzed, the corresponding region (#49 in Table 3) and a SNP (with BF = 17 and F ST = 0.005) within the bovine HLA-DMB ortholog (Table S4 in additional file 2) were found under strong balancing selection.

The lowest 5% of negative values (potentially indicative of purifying selection) and the highest 5% of positive values (potentially indicative of balancing or diversifying selection) were defined as being under strong selection.