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The combined analysis of 27 R genes and 27 downstream genes in Arabidopsis[ 8, 9] revealed that although R genes showed hallmarks of balancing selection or partial selective sweeps, most of defence response genes appear to be under purifying selection.
Like protein-coding genes, loci that produce microRNAs (miRNAs) are generally considered to be under purifying selection [1 3], consistent with miRNA polymorphisms being able to cause disease [4].
This severely diminishes the power of the analysis because at least some parts of each gene are expected to be under purifying selection.
The Kcnj6 gene orthologs might be under purifying selection over many generations of the species, including human and mouse, because of the profound functional constraints attributable to the importance of these orthologs in these organisms.
Thus, highly expressed genes tend to be under purifying selection.
Genes retained as open-reading frames are expected to be under purifying selection, if functional.
The KRAB domain appeared to be under purifying selection as well.
Rel2, like gambicin and NOS was found to be under purifying selection.
Also, iSNPs in first introns may be under purifying selection[ 8, 12, 13].
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When an exon was under purifying selection or selective sweep, hitchhike effects could be present in its flanking introns.
Among monocupins, this analysis suggests that the OXO and the OXLP subclasses are under purifying selection.
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