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Furthermore, we chose "liver genes" to contrast our data on pigmentation genes with another category of functionally related genes that is not expected to be under high selection for duplicate gene retention.
These PSEP-encoding genes are believed to be under high selection pressure due to their highly evolving counterparts (resistance genes) in the host, but after host jumps, the adaptation to new targets arguably is the most important driver of positive selection.
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Additionally, the plasmid-borne TA modules were found to be under higher selection pressure to retain their function (Mine et al. 2009).
In the additive model, where a common substitution effect is used, loci with negligible substitution effects will be under higher selection pressure than in the dominance model, where breed-specific substitution effects are used.
Males are under high selection pressure to detect sexually receptive females and to break their resistance to mate.
The importance of these AL residues to receptor activity in planta is supported by the fact that all sites are under high selection pressure in PSKR1 and PSKR2 orthologues.
PBA provides an understanding of the genetic structure of breeding germplasm and discovers the signature of breeders by pinpointing regions that are under high selection pressure without the need for familiarity with the involved traits.
In spite of the observation of overrepresentation of indels in human IHRs, the fact that the length of IHRs remains highly conserved among vertebrate genomes than the distance of gene or exon pairs suggests that the distance between consecutive HCEs is under high selection pressure and is important for HCEs to exert their biological function.
Functional analyses of positively selected PSEP-encoding genes of all species show that genes encoding for hypothetical proteins, serine protease, phospholipase, phosphodiesterase, and chaperone proteins are under high selection pressure, probably owing to the adaptation to the specific host environments (supplementary file S9, Supplementary Material online).
The SNP density is the lowest near the splice sites, which also indicates that exon regions near the splice sites are under higher selection pressure [10].
Genome-wide positive selection studies suggested that the genes encoding for PSEPs are under higher selection pressure than the nonsecreted proteins (Sharma et al. 2014).
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