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The hidden states are unknown to the subject but might be under experimental control.
In all these cases though, the input of the system must be under experimental control and the output easily measured.
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In the case of Glimcher's experiments the inspector is a computer, so its program is under experimental control and its side of the payoff matrix is known.
When the genetic structure of the population is under experimental control testing marker-phenotype association is often referred to as QTL mapping [7].
Note that the effect of locus frequencies in association mapping studies differs from typical QTL linkage mapping in experimental populations, where marker frequencies are under experimental control due to breeding designs and are often equal among alleles.
Design parameters are under experimental control and determine the experimental design.
The second distinction is that between models that require the inputs to be fixed and deterministic as in designed experiments and those for which the input is not under experimental control but can be assumed to be well behaved.
However, one of the advantages of this paradigm is that many of these cues can be brought under experimental control so we can estimate their weighting.
As a result, many of these studies to date have been ill-suited to investigation of ongoing pain that cannot be modulated under experimental control within-session[14] within-session[14]
Once the seal is established, the membrane deformation induced by the glass pipette, regardless of the intensity of underpressure, is not under experimental control, and may vary from one cell to another.
In studies where detailed knowledge or theoretical assumptions about resources (availability and quality) or consumers (activity density and consumption rate) are available or under experimental control, such data may be incorporated into the analysis (defining q j and constraints) instead of interaction frequencies.
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