For the purposes of Shannon entropy calculations epitopes in Env were removed as the Shannon entropy is known to inadequately reflect antigenic variation in Env and because Env is under dominant selection by the humoral response.
SUC2 marker of S. cerevisiae was used as dominant selection in P. pastoris [ 36].
We found that Mendelian-disease genes appear to be under widespread purifying selection, especially when the disease mutations are dominant (rather than recessive).
Selection, though, could explain deviations from Hardy Weinberg if either alleles or genotypes are under selection or near loci under selection.
However, even in the three largest families, where purifying selection was dominant, there are individual residues that seem to have been under diversifying selection.
This may be because changes in the length of polypeptides caused by nonsense mutations are under strong negative selection in the genes involved in signal transduction or transportation because abnormal translation products could cause dominant effects.
Moreover, it is also known that dominant disease genes are under stronger purifying selections than recessive disease genes because mutation of a single allele of the gene can adequately cause disease in the former set of genes by altering the synthesized gene product (Furney et al. 2006).
However, this is unlikely to be the dominant reason for selection of a neighborhood.
In contrast, though, other dominant epitopes do not appear to be under the same pressure (54 ).
A single dominant selection valley was obtained on chr02.
