Theoretical and empirical approaches have shown that duplicated regions should be translocated with time [ 9].
ALK has been reported to be translocated with other fusion partners, such as KIF5B [ 8], NPM1 [ 7], RET, ROS [ 9], VCL [ 10], TFG [ 11], EML4 [ 12] and MYH9, demonstrating its role in the pathogenesis of various cancers.
In the same way, we computed the number of cells in which only the ENL gene should be translocated with the MLL gene (i.e. dMLL-ENL < 2 μm and dMLL-AF4 > 2 μm, greyed area in figure 2).
Secondly, according to the gene proximity criterion, we have calculated the number of nuclei where only the AF4 gene should be translocated with MLL gene (i.e. dMLL-AF4 < 2 μm and dMLL-ENL > 2 μm, greyed area in figure 2).
Instead, these data support the enemy-release hypothesis predicting that not all parasites are translocated with their hosts and suggest that the Cane toad may have played an important spill-back role in their emergence and facilitated their dissemination.
There is also a translocation involving the ends of lentil linkage groups 1 and 5 that are translocated with respect to M. truncatula.
Specifically, As is translocated with Fe during redox-driven fluxes, whereas phosphate is not affected by redox.
The raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis), a gastrointestinal parasite of the raccoon (Procyon lotor), has increased its global geographic range after being translocated with its host.
During replication, the lengthy genome of dsDNA viruses is translocated with remarkable velocity into the limited space within the preformed procapsid.
This distinction is particularly challenging for Myxidium spp. in Australian frogs where no historical baseline data exists and where an invasive host may have carried parasites to new places, because the enemy-release hypothesis predicts that not all parasites are translocated with their hosts [49], [50].
