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Geomembrane (GM) and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) are extensively used in liner system which are placed beneath the landfill to isolate waste material from the surrounding environment but the geosynthetics can also be the weak interface, so analysis of seismic response and permanent deformation of landfill should be performed considering the influence of liner interface reasonably.
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The fracture path was developed along the weak interface where there was moisture membrane especially at 0 3 days curing.
As the detection result illustrated in Fig. 10(b), only a short length of crack is converged with the weak interface when the dosage of VMA is increased to 1.0%.
Therefore, cohesive ruptures within the concrete are most efficient because, as should be expected from a bonding technique, the adhesive interfaces cannot be the weakest link in the bonding between two materials and the rupture should take place in one of the two bonded materials instead.
It has been revealed that the strength of the weak interface should be in a certain range to assure the appearance of the toughening effect.
Herein, we realize that the failures of OER catalysts are mostly caused by the weak interface between catalysts and the substrates.
This is mainly due to the weak interface between the CNTs and the matrix where a significant material property mismatch exists.
A minimum presence of the weak interface is required to increase the strength of the laminate.
(i) The weak interface is readily sheared under the stress field of an impinging glide dislocation.
Mode II fracture dominates the hydraulic fracturing process and the impinging angle between the hydraulic crack and the weak interface is the determining factor that accounts for crack deflection; the lower friction coefficient between cracked planes and the greater crustal stress difference favor hydraulic fracturing.
The cross-sectional SEM examination revealed that the weak interface fracture was related to brittle mechanism, whereas the strong interface was a reflection of ductile one.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com