The sheet is stretched with velocity (U_{w}= U_{0}(x+b)^{m}), where (U_{0}) is the reference velocity.
The travel time t P of a seismic wave that propagates along a path P is given by {t}_P={displaystyle {int}_Pfrac{1}{vleft(mathbf{r}right)}}ds, (A1 where v(r) is the reference velocity at position r.
where τ w = μ n f ( ∂ u / ∂ y ) y = 0 is the wall shear stress, q w = − k n f ( ∂ T / ∂ y ) y = 0 is the wall heat flux, and u r = ( 1 / 4 ) x − 1 / 2 is the reference velocity.
V R−ref and V L−ref are the reference velocities of the velocity feedback control system for the right and left drive wheels.
where c = δ x / δ t is the reference lattice velocity, δ x is the lattice step, and the order numbers α = 1,..., 4 and α = 5,..., 8, respectively, represent the rectangular directions and the diagonal directions of a lattice.
(3) {B}_i=left(begin{array}{c}hfill 0kern2.52em i=0hfill hfrac{1}{c{1}{3}kern2.52em i=1,2,3,4hfill hfill frac{1}{12}kern2.28em i=5,6,7,8hfill end{array}right. (4 where in Eq. (3), ( C=frac{varDelta x}{varDelta t} ) is the reference lattice velocity.
The forcing frequency is 84% of the natural vortex shedding frequency in the unforced wake while the peak-to-peak amplitude of velocity oscillation is 65% of the reference velocity.
The evaluated sensitivity α is 0.78 under the reference velocity structure.
The value of α = 0.78 is evaluated using the reference velocity structure, which may include biases from the true velocity structure.
Following Trampert and Woodhouse (1995, 2001) and Zhang and Lay (1996), the travel-time anomaly (Δt) from the source to the station along the great-circle path can be written as: (A.1) where is the reference phase-velocity calculated from the PREM model (Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981), and is the phase-velocity perturbation relative to at position where θ is co-latitude and φ is longitude.
