where P L0 is the reference path loss factor, d ij is the distance between the i th transmitter and j th receiver, α is the path loss exponent depending on the propagation environment which is assumed to be the same over all links, λ is the wavelength, and G t and G r are the transmitter and receiver antenna gains, respectively.
In Table 4, factor means of FACE are the reference means, while the factor means of CATI and SELF are the comparison means.
The time point 6 h is the reference group for the factor Time.
People who agreed with both the statements 'The people in this neighbourhood can be trusted' and 'In this neighbourhood you can feel safe and confident that you will not be assaulted or threatened' are the reference group for the factor social trust.
The first category of each factor was the reference category.
All exposures were considered as binary, and the absence of exposition was the reference modality for each risk factor.
People who answered that during the past three months they had experienced that someone had made them feel proud of themselves are the reference group in this dichotomous factor.
People who agreed with both the statements 'The people in this neighbourhood know each other well' and 'The people in this neighbourhood care for each other' are the reference group for the dichotomous factor social connectedness.
People who answered that they never refrained from going out due to fear of being attacked, robbed or assaulted in some other way are the reference group for the dichotomous factor unafraid of going out.
where T is the absolute temperature, and A and B are the reference viscosity (temperature-independent pre-factor) and the activation temperature, respectively.
Tested factors were the reference population size, the number of effective ancestors, the linkage disequilibrium level at 70 kb and the relationship between training and validation populations.
