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Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are known to be the primary effector cells to eradicate EBV-infected B cells that present LMP1 and LMP2 antigenic peptides in the context of appropriate HLA class I molecules [6], [7].
Auxin is widely believed to be the primary effector of gravitropism since its asymmetric distribution drives the gravitropic growth [ 50].
Because palmitate was found to be the primary effector, most of the validation studies shown below were conducted with the palmitate samples only.
This observation is consistent with recent studies of NTS PPG/GLP1 cells that suggest them to be the primary effector of NTS LepRb-regulated energy balance in mice (8).
It has been suggested from animal studies that caloric intake may be the primary effector for many hormonal, metabolic, physiologic, and behavioral responses that coordinate reproductive strategy to apparent availability of food.
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CD8+ T cells have been shown to be the primary effectors of ECM [22], whereas NK and CD4+ T cells have been implicated in the induction phase of ECM [22], [23].
CD8+ T cells were recently shown to be the primary effectors of CM in the Plasmodium berghei ANKA mouse model, although their precise mechanism of action remains unresolved [37].
Angiotensin II is the primary effector hormone of the renin-angiotensin system.
PKA is the primary effector of the cAMP signal, and consists of two catalytic subunits (PKA-C) bound non-covalently to a dimer of regulatory subunits (PKA-R).
Keeping in mind the pathogenic, mechanistic, and pathological heterogeneity of MS, our findings suggest that CD8+ T cells, working via a perforin-dependent mechanism, are the primary effector population responsible for injury and loss of demyelinated axons.
DHT is the primary effector androgen and is converted from testosterone by 5α-Reductase [ 4].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com