Furthermore, murine M1 myeloid cell line, which was induced by the physiological inducer hIL-6 to undergo apoptosis and growth arrest, could be used as a subtle model system to test hIL-6 antagonist.
Most current models consider that ZP3 is the physiological AR inducer and that ZP3 binding to its sperm receptor(s) (not yet fully characterized) produces a biphasic rise in [Ca2+]i.
Caloric restriction (which is the most physiological inducer of autophagy), Rapa (which is the best characterized pharmacological inducer of autophagy), or knockdown of the p53 ortholog cep-1, all extend the lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans only when the autophagic machinery is intact.
Transcription of the amylase genes is controlled by regulated nuclear localization of AmyR; the physiological inducer isomaltose triggers nuclear accumulation of AmyR (Makita et al. 2009).
The physiological inducer of major histocompatibility complex II expression is IFNγ, an inflammatory cytokine produced by helper T cells.
In support of prolactin being a potent survival factor, we observed that the sensitivity of the breast cancer cell lines to the physiological inducer of apoptosis, C2-ceramide, appeared relative to the levels of endogenous prolactin that they contained.
4-HNE, a lipid peroxidation product is a component of oxidized low-density lipoproteins and is a physiological inducer of ER stress.
The latter treatment is a known physiological inducer of the UPR.
Palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid that is a physiological component in human follicular fluid, is a potential physiological inducer of ER stress (Danino et al., 2015; Haywood and Yammani, 2015).
Nutrient (including amino acids and glucose) depletion is the most potent physiological inducer of autophagy.
