The signaling pathways involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity have been extensively studied and the activation of protein tyrosine kinases such as lck and Syk kinase are shown to be the initial signaling events in NK cells [20], [21].
where t is time, P t) and D t) are the primary and secondary GNSS ranging code envelopes, Mp t) and M D (t) are the associated navigation messages, ω c is the signal carrier frequency and φ is the initial signal phase.
Given that temperature is the initial signal in TSD, temperature responsive genes represent good candidates for involvement in the TSD cascade.
Besides the role of p38mapk in endothelial dysfunction, it has also been shown that p38mapk activation is the initial signaling event in the regulation of scavenger receptor expression by high glucose in human dendritic cells, that is required for subsequent activation of NF-κΒ [[ 36]].
The result indicated that celastrol had direct inhibitive effect on proteasome, and cellular proteasome inhibition could be the initial step of signal cascades activated by celastrol.
We were prompted to test if Src is similarly involved in ouabain-induced activation of PI3K1A for two reasons (1) because the complex of Src with Na+/K+-ATPase has been proposed to be the initial target of all signaling initiated by ouabain and related digitalis drugs and (2) because recent evidence has led to questions about whether there is direct contact between Src and Na+/K+-ATPase.
Different from SDM, an interval whose center point is the approximate estimation value is defined according to the estimation error of SDM, and we let the value in the interval, which can make the smallest estimation error between the estimation signal and the observation signal, be the initial condition value.
Auxin is an important phytohormone for fleshy fruit development, having been shown to be involved in the initial signal for fertilisation, fruit size through the control of cell division and cell expansion, and ripening related events.
If the SNR is low, even the initial signal is already hidden by noise, as was the case for the tissue samples investigated in this study.
Although details still remain to be investigated, the initial signaling events in non cross-linking model (i.e. IgE sensitization alone) of FcεRI activation include the activation of Lyn and Syk leading to the activation of ERK in mast cells [47], [48].
