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The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2/3 (JNK1/2/3) (also known as stress-activated protein kinases), and p38 isoforms (α, β, γ, and δ) that belong to the MAPKs family are considered to be the elementary components of cellular signaling transduction underlying leukocyte locomotion and endothelial cell activities [30, 31].
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Let be the elementary inequality (3.41).
The signaling network can be formalized in terms of an oriented graph, where the vertices represent the elementary components involved in the process and the arcs describe the regulatory interactions between those components.
The dissection of a system into many simple units in order to describe the behaviour of a complex structure in terms of the laws governing the elementary components is sometimes referred to, often with a pejorative implication, as reductionism.
Complex systems is the study of interactions of simple building blocks that result in a collective behavior or properties absent in the elementary components of the system itself.
Genes1 are the elementary units of heredity.
where e is the elementary charge.
For example, for the non-irradiated (initial and hydrogen annealed) structures the elementary component I 1 was always dominant.
The theoretical and experimental results of this article pinpoint that the subfunctions of the source separation methods considered above, completed with the statistical tests we have proposed, can be regarded as elementary components that can be interchanged and associated to provide new algorithms for source separation in different applicative contexts.
Finally the appeal for honesty remains the elementary component of good science.
He showed that many of the highly generalized spaces that were developed so extensively in 20th-century mathematics can be developed from elementary components, dimension by dimension.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com