Note that the eigenvalues of (B.1) are the characteristic values of the linear operator L that appears in (2.1).
The contact area in the C-CBM model is the characteristic value of the area that transfers stress through the connectivity of the particles.
It is shown by the characteristic equation that when the shear deformation is included, the characteristic values may change from real values for low frequencies to imaginary values for high frequencies.
We will show that under appropriate assumptions the decay rates of these solutions are equal to the characteristic values of the corresponding linearized equation belonging to the interval.
When the distribution and its parameters of a random variable are known, the characteristic value is deterministic quantity.
In the design case, kinematic characteristic analysis of this cam follower shows that the order of continuous derivative of displacement transfer function is higher, the characteristic value of its dynamic torque is smaller, and its jerk at the impact point is smaller than some common disc cam mechanisms.
Remark 5.1 Since μ 1 is real number, so from Lemma 2.1, μ 1 is also the characteristic value of T c ∗, where T c ∗ denote the conjugate operator of T c, let Φ c ∗ denote the nonnegative eigenfunction of T c ∗ corresponding to μ 1.
Based on the test results, the out-of-plane shear strengths and the in-plane shear strengths of glubam are studied, and the characteristic values and the design values are suggested.
Remark 2.1 Since λ 1 ( Z ) is real number, so from Lemma 2.1, λ 1 ( Z ) is also the characteristic value of L Z ∗, let φ 1 ∗ denote the nonnegative eigenfunction of L Z ∗ corresponding to λ 1 ( Z ), where L Z ∗ denote the conjugate operator of L Z. Therefore, we have φ 1 ∗ ( t ) = λ 1 ( Z ) L Z ∗ φ 1 ∗ ( t ), t ∈ [ 0, 1 ].
Remark 4.1 Since λ ˜ 1 ( Z ) is real number, so from Lemma 2.1, λ ˜ 1 ( Z ) is also the characteristic value of L ˜ Z ∗, where L ˜ Z ∗ denote the conjugate operator of L ˜ Z, let φ ˜ 1 ∗ denote the nonnegative eigenfunction of L ˜ Z ∗ corresponding to λ ˜ 1 ( Z ).
