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Let Y be the binary outcome variable, taking value 1 if a subject is a case and value 0 otherwise.
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where Y i is the binary outcome variable of interest (for example, Y i = 1 denotes employment of individual i and Y i = 0 denotes non-employment), X i is a vector of covariates (at individual and regional/agency level) and S i is a dummy variable indicating whether individual i has been sanctioned (S i = 1) or not (S i = 0).
OHCA was the binary outcome (dependent) variable in the analysis.
The dependent variable in the multilevel model was the binary outcome "prescription of antibiotics" (yes/no).
In the analyses, cardiologists' responses (yes or no) are the binary outcome measure.
If LBWT was the binary outcome, we controlled for the status of referral and parity of the mother.
The patient was the unit of analysis and the occurrence of SM during the 12-month follow-up was the binary outcome.
for patient j in the cluster/FP i; y ij is the binary outcome indicating if the BP is controlled for patient j in the cluster/FP i; and π ij = Pr y ij = 1| x ij ).
Prescription of metformin (yes vs no) was the binary outcome variable, and patient's age, sex and the presence or co-morbid cardiovascular and renal disease were included as potential confounders.
In the regression analyses where delivery by CS was the binary outcome, we controlled for the confounding effects of Oxytocin use, delivery of LBWT, delivery of low APGAR score at 5 minutes, status of referral and parity.
All variables used in this study were introduced as follows: Given that each hospital ward under study had seen many patients over a one-month period, the dependent variable was the binary outcome variable (Y).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com