More specifically, ({{widehat rho _{v}} = frac {1}{M}sum limits _{m = 1}^{M} {{a_{v}}left ({{mathbf {u}}_{(m)}}right)}}) is the average activation of unit v with the m-th input sample u (m), where ({a_{v}} = text {sigm}left ({mathbf {w}}_{v}^{(1)}{mathbf {u}} + b_{v}^{(1)}right)) denotes the activation value of the hidden layer unit v in the autoencoder and M is the number of training samples.
Rates of production were corrected to 20°C by assuming production increased exponentially with temperature using the Boltzmann-Arrhenius factor (e−E/kT), where E is the average activation energy of the respiratory complex (∼1.04×10−19 J (0.65 eV)), k is Boltzmann's constant (1.381×10−23 JK−1 (8.62×10−5 eVK−1)), and T is absolute temperature in Kelvin [28].
The normalization coefficient, B0, exponentially increases with body temperature B0 ~ e- E 0/ KT, where E0 is the average activation energy of metabolism (c. ~0.65 eV), K is Boltzmann's constant (8.62 × 10-5 eV/Kelvin), and T is body temperature [ 49, 52].
In order to get better representation, we impose a sparse constraint on the output of spectral hidden layers; in other words, we want most of the hidden units to be 0. The average activation of hidden unit i is defined as: hatrho_{i} = frac{1}{M} sum_{m=1}^{M} boldsymbol{r}_{i}^{ l,m }. (11).
Electromyography data during all tasks were normalized to the average activation during the straight ahead tasks to determine relative changes in muscle activation between the straight ahead and different cut styles (crossover and side step).
The frequency of MET service activation during peak periods was compared with the average activation over the 24-hour period.
By contrast, our recording data in vivo suggested that feedback was proportional to the average activation across a large spatial extent of the SN.
In the case of nursing handover, the 1-hour period spanning handover (the half-hour before and the half-hour after, repeated three times per day for a total of 3 hours) was compared with the average activation over the 24-hour period.
The results showed that Artemisia annua and Chenopodium glaucum were fairly similar in the average activation energies, which were 169.69 and 170.48 kJ mol−1, respectively (Table 3).
There were no significant group differences in the average activation in the areas activated in the conjunction analysis, both for complex (t 36) = 0.819, P = 0.207) and for simple stopping (t 36) = 0.451, P = 0.673).
