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First, the use of repeated cross-sectional data to assess the effect of smoke-free legislation might introduce bias, given that there might be systematic differences in respondents sampled in different surveys.
Previous studies have clearly shown that there can be systematic differences in the likelihood of affirming items in different countries (even within Western cultures) [ 31- 33].
The behavior of immigrants can provide valuable insights because there appear to be systematic differences in risk attitudes or proclivity across individuals of different ethnicities.
If a particular defendant were named either "Robert Garner" or "Roberto Garcia," (these names have been used by my colleague Galen Bodenhausen to connote group membership), would there be systematic differences in the way Spanish language witness reports of him entering a building are translated?
We discuss the term population stratification in further detail in the section on genome-wide association studies, but the general idea is that there might be systematic differences in the frequency of risky alleles between groups, thereby leading to a form of omitted variable bias.
Similarly, there may be systematic differences in concept representations in special populations, such that participants with autism, for example, who often have a deficit in social processing, might represent social concepts differently.
Similar(46)
We investigated if there were systematic differences in heritabilities between different classes of measurements.
The major source of this was systematic differences in measurements recorded on different days.
At frontal electrodes the presence of a hemisphere × cued side × electrode site interaction (F 2, 30) = 4.6, p < .02) suggested that there were systematic differences in ADAN amplitude between the different electrode pairs.
To retrospectively assess the quality of cardiovascular disease risk factor measurements in routinely collected data and to examine whether there are systematic differences in measurement quality between individuals of different socioeconomic status, and changes in measurement quality over time.
Moreover, the results suggest that there are systematic differences in preferences for traditional farm landscapes between different demographic groupings and also depending on individuals' environmental value orientations.
More suggestions(14)
be meaningful differences in
be ethnic differences in
be systematic shifts in
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be clear differences in
be genuine differences in
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com