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Because PUFAs such as α-linolenic and linoleic acids cannot be synthesized in mammals, they are essential FAs (i.e., required in the diet) [ 4, 5].
Eicosatrienoic acid [ETA, 20 3 n-9 ], on the other hand, is not an EFA because it can be synthesized in mammals from palmitic acid [16:1(n-9)].
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BPMAC is synthesized in-house.
18 2n-6 is a kind of essential fatty acid which cannot be synthesized in animals, including mammals and fish, due to a lack of Δ12-desaturase (Tvrzicka et al., 2011).
Sterols, such as ergosterol in yeast or cholesterol in mammals, are synthesized in a tightly regulated multi-step process; some of the early steps in sterol production also make common building blocks for other key molecules in the cell.
In mammals, fatty acids are synthesized in adipose and liver cells from glucose via a fairly complex pathway.
In mammals, glucagon and insulin are synthesized in pancreatic α- and β-cells, respectively, with the former largely responsible for breaking down glycogen into sugar, whereas insulin regulates the converse process.
This situation is comparable to that of mammals, in which melatonin is synthesized in the pineal gland in the brain.
Other examples of sterols are the bile acids and their conjugates, which in mammals are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol and are synthesized in the liver.
20, 21 In mammals, the majority of CNS orexin peptides are synthesized in neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area.
His ideas were synthesized in "Beyond Culture" (1976).
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