Sentence examples for be sustained by selection from inspiring English sources
Because high variation at immunity genes appears to be sustained by selection, surveys of intraspecific variation at such loci have been employed in ways that neutral markers cannot be.
Substantial evidence of epidemiology suggests that nuclear susceptibility genes, if present, should be sustained by mutation-selection balance without heterozygote advantage.
Then, pathogenic but neutral or almost neutral genes in ancient environments could be fixed at a high frequency close to 1 by genetic drift (because the effective population size might be much smaller and the effects of genetic drift might be predominant in ancient times) and can be sustained by mutation-selection balance today.
Because SCZ must be sustained by mutation-selection balance without heterozygote advantage in the NGM and the mutation rates in the nuclear genome are much lower than in the mitochondrial genome [ 12- 14], the criterion is strong.
A proper process of selection, such as natural selection as it operates on genetic replicators, needs to be sustained by low rates of mutation that are simply impossible to achieve in the case of human cultural transmission.
Thus we have the criterion for a susceptibility gene: (6) d < ν, where ν is defined as ν ≡ (1 − s p ) μ (1 − p ) s p.From the observation (A5), we can see that d≥ v implies s> s M for any SCZ-associated variant M which is sustained by mutation-selection balance.
Therefore, in the second stage of peripatric speciation, the genetic variability that had been sustained by frequency-dependent selection in the original large population disappears due to drift.
CXCL13 production is sustained by follicular dendritic cells, which play a pivotal role in the affinity maturation and antigenic selection of B cells within the GC.
Academic life is sustained by networks, and we travel to conferences and workshops to sustain those.
