While Williams and Cummings (2015) presented non-state actors as substitutes for state in education when government is absent or weak, Syrian refugee crisis in Turkey revealed that strong governments may also be substituted by non-state actors in times of emergencies.
For the construction of immune libraries, human volunteers may be substituted by non-human primates.
As a negative control, primary antibodies were substituted by non-immune matched immunoglobulins.
Known positive controls (i.e. a normal tonsil) as well as negative controls (sections in which anti-MCM-2 and anti-MCM-5 antibodies were substituted by non-immune mouse serum) were also stained in each run.
Knocking down AS160 in 3T3-L1 adincreasedincreased the cell-surface expression of GLUT4 in the basal state [ 6, 7], whereas overexpression of an AS160-4P mutant (in which Ser, Ser, Thr and Ser are substituted by non-phosphorylatable alanine) in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes [ 3] and L6 myocytes [ 8] could inhibit insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation on to the cell surface.
It was suggested that the SC can be substituted by the non-protein-bound fraction (fu).
Evidence has been presented that these functions might be essential for M. tuberculosis survival in vivo [ 18], and that the GSIβ enzyme may have functions that contribute to the virulence of these important human pathogens, which cannot be substituted by the GSIβ from non-pathogenic mycobacteria (such as M. smegmatis) [ 38].
The 'pseudoV' non-terminal can be substituted by either a string of seven other non-terminals or 'class', where the latter represents the terminating condition (it also takes care of the cases where all individuals belong to only one class).
This is a small percentage that could very well be substituted by energy coming from clean, renewable, non-destructive sources of energy, such as solar, wind and geothermal.
Surprisingly, Src plays a non-redundant role in the mouse intestine, which cannot be substituted by the other family kinases Fyn and Yes.
Experience can not be substituted by way of a drug.
