If these frequency differences could be substantiated in larger groups of patients, they could indicate protective or risk alleles and might be useful for predicting risk.
Although this notion needs to be substantiated in large-scale studies in which the clinical and prognostic significance of the different CTL responses is scrutinized, it could point to a scenario in which the targeting of more than one of the targets would be beneficial in a clinical setting.
Anyhow, these results should be substantiated in larger cohorts.
Our findings therefore need to be substantiated in larger populations of patients of different age groups.
However, this latter observation needs to be substantiated in larger scale studies in which insulin resistance, glycemia marker levels, and a range of adiposity markers are assessed in children from the relevant ethnic groups.
Although a specific recommendation for colchicine dose reduction (when macrolide such as clarithromycin is coprescribed) has been published [ 49], the safeguards need to be substantiated in larger clinical trials.
If the findings are substantiated in larger epidemiologic studies with postchallenge glucose levels available, these sex-specific fetuin-A associations may provide new insights into mechanisms responsible for sex differences in glucose homeostasis and diabetes risk with advancing age.
Initial studies of association of beta-defensin CNV with Crohn's disease have not been substantiated in larger studies, and demonstrate the importance of accurate copy number typing in association studies [Aldhous et al., 2010; Bentley et al., 2009; Fellermann et al., 2006].
Although this has to be substantiated in a large number of tumours, vascular density might be an additional prognostic factor indicating the probability of malignant progression of KA into SCC.
Whether our findings can be substantiated in a larger patient series has to be demonstrated in future trials.
Although our data provide only weak evidence for a difference in frequencies at the population level, the number of deleterious mutation carriers was low and the results may yet be substantiated in a larger study using pooled data.
