In the case of melt-filled polymers, the viscous forces are obviously the dominant ones and the nanofillers are submitted to strong orientation under flow.
Moreover, we show that the latter genes are submitted to strong positive selection.
(B ) (Black bars) Upon chloramphenicol (Cm) addition, nitrate-respiring 3635/pBAD24 cells were submitted to strong aeration and the fluorescence pattern was evaluated at 30-min intervals.
First, nitrate-respiring cells were submitted to strong aeration and the fluorescent pattern was followed during the course of the anoxic oxic transition.
(A ) (Black bars) Nitrate-respiring JCB4023/pVA70GFP cells were submitted to strong aeration and the fluorescence pattern was evaluated at 15-min intervals.
As the result of interactions between the environment, human uses and farming practices, these cultivated species were submitted to strong bottlenecks through genetic drift and artificial selection (Purugganan and Fuller 2009).
Because these aphids specialise on annual crops, they are submitted to strong demographic bottlenecks, and they have to produce alate morphs at least twice during the annual cycle, first at the end of the crop season to disperse on refuge plants and again at the beginning of the next season to migrate back to the host crops.
In contrast, initiation in S. cerevisiae is submitted to stronger spatial and temporal constraints, having efficient, site-specific origins, whose activation times appear fairly fixed [3], [32].
Altogether, evolution rate analyses indicate that TaMET1 homoeologous genes of group 2 are submitted to stronger purifying selection and are evolving at a slower rate suggesting their predominant role in DNA methylation maintenance in hexaploid wheat.
The results obtained with the codon models that account for selection on different codon sites or within specific lineages (Tables 2 and 4) suggested that both transitions and transversions would be submitted to a strong purifying selection.
