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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
be subject to which
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "be subject to which" is not correct and sounds awkward in written English.
It may be intended to introduce a clause that specifies conditions or limitations, but it is not commonly used in this form. Example: "The regulations, be subject to which, must be followed by all employees, are outlined in the handbook."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
News & Media
Science
Alternative expressions(7)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
2 human-written examples
But regulators face a real headache in deciding which banks should be subject to which mortgage rules.
News & Media
One possible strategy is to limit the concurrency the system can be subject to, which maps well to applications in which individual values are only manipulated by one single user at a time, as for instance the cart of an on-line shopping site.
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
58 human-written examples
Facing the constant risk of oxidative stress which germ cells are subject to, which may impair reproductive physiology, the gonads need antioxidant protection during gamete production.
These disturbing climate trends are no strangers to the pages of the Guardian Weekly, but both are subjects to which we return this week with two terrific, insightful pieces of writing.
News & Media
In this review, the real environment and boundary conditions that these airfields are subjected to, which causes rapid scaling, are identified.
If he does not pay, he will be subject to resentencing, which could mean prison time.
News & Media
To be sure, any tax system will be subject to gaming, which is why we will always need the Internal Revenue Service.
News & Media
It will as a matter of course be subject to review, which we will conduct with an open mind.
News & Media
Venmo didn't properly disclose to customers that their transactions could be subject to review, which could lead to funds being frozen or removed, the FTC explained.
News & Media
Fluidized beds of widely sized particles can be subject to segregation which when severe can result in bed defluidization.
Science
Second, the lawmakers decided that almost none of the emergency aid should be subject to "offsets," which are cuts elsewhere in the budget.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Favor simpler and more direct phrasing like "subject to what" or "to which it is subject" for improved clarity and readability.
Common error
Avoid using the phrase "be subject to which" in formal writing. Opt for more common and grammatically straightforward alternatives to ensure clarity and avoid sounding stilted.
Source & Trust
89%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "be subject to which" functions as part of a relative clause, aiming to introduce a condition or limitation. However, Ludwig AI analysis suggests it's an awkward construction, rarely used and often replaceable with simpler forms.
Frequent in
News & Media
33%
Science
33%
Formal & Business
0%
Less common in
Academia
0%
Wiki
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, while the phrase "be subject to which" aims to introduce conditions or limitations, it's considered an awkward and uncommon construction in contemporary English. Ludwig AI indicates that simpler alternatives, such as "subject to what" or "to which it is subject", are generally preferred for improved clarity and readability. Although present in formal contexts like News & Media and Science, its infrequent usage and grammatical stiffness suggest a cautious approach. Opting for more direct phrasing not only enhances comprehension but also ensures a more natural and polished writing style.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
to which it is subject
Reverses the sentence structure for clarity and better flow.
subject to what
Replaces "which" with "what" for a slightly different emphasis on the unknown condition.
governed by which
Emphasizes the idea of being controlled or ruled by a set of conditions.
contingent on which
Highlights the dependence on specific circumstances.
dependent on which
Focuses on the reliance of something on certain factors.
liable to which
Suggests a potential negative consequence or obligation.
predicated on which
Implies that something is based or founded on a particular condition.
subject to the conditions of which
Clarifies that specific terms or agreements are in place.
affected by which
Broadly indicates that something is influenced or changed by certain factors.
under which
A more concise way to indicate the conditions or rules that apply.
FAQs
What does "be subject to which" mean?
The phrase "be subject to which" attempts to specify conditions or limitations. However, it is grammatically awkward. Better alternatives include "subject to what" or "to which it is subject".
How can I rephrase "be subject to which" to sound more natural?
Consider using phrases like "subject to what", "governed by which", or "to which it is subject" for a clearer and more natural tone.
Is "be subject to which" grammatically correct?
While not strictly incorrect, "be subject to which" is considered awkward and less common in modern English. Simpler alternatives are generally preferred.
When is it appropriate to use "be subject to which"?
Given its awkwardness, it's generally best to avoid "be subject to which" in favor of clearer alternatives. If you aim for formal tone and style, consider using "to which it is subject", but simpler phrasings are typically better.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
89%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested