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An individual cannot be simultaneously infected with multiple virus lineages; there is no superinfection in the model.
Only one piglet was found to be simultaneously infected with PCV2, PRRSV and TTSuV1 and two piglets were co-infected with PCV2, PBoV1 and TTSuV1.
The increase in novel recombinants is further evidence that sexual linkage between demographic subgroups is occurring for individuals to be simultaneously infected with genetically distinct viruses.
The respiratory epithelium of swine contains both types of receptors and can potentially be simultaneously infected with avian and human influenza (2 ).
Although pigs can be simultaneously infected with avian influenza viruses and human influenza viruses, the viruses can exchange genes and produce new variants, which suggests that pigs have become mixing vessels for influenza viruses (8 ).
Similar(54)
Reassortment can result in antigenic shift when an intermediate host, such as a pig, is simultaneously infected with a human and an avian influenza A virus.
When a pig is simultaneously infected with different influenza A viruses, such as human, swine, and avian strains, genetic reassortment can occur.
If an intermediate host, probably the pig, is simultaneously infected with a human and an avian influenza A virus, the genome RNA segments can be reassorted, yielding a new virus that has a surface protein that is immunologically distinct from that of influenza A viruses that have been circulating in the human population.
Among the 34 T. gondii positive samples, 26 samples were simultaneously infected with T. gondii and viruses, while the remaining eight samples were infected with T. gondii alone.
It turns out the cancer develops only if you are simultaneously infected with Epstein-Barr virus (a ubiquitous bug best known for causing mononucleosis) and malaria, which in its severest form is mainly found in Africa.
To investigate the oncolytic capacity and the induction of cell death of RV, PV and NDV the glioblastoma cell line U87 was simultaneously infected with two viruses followed by analysis of cell survival by MTT-assay and the type of cell death by FACS staining for Annexin V and Propidium iodide.
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