For example, because they have been shown to be more recalcitrant to lysis, one might expect that the organisms with the Gram-positive cell wall structure might consistently be under-represented in our libraries relative to the prediction based on isolate DNA extraction.
So far, enzymes classified in families GH3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 27, and 48 in the carbohydrate active enzymes database have all been shown to degrade this fibrous and recalcitrant polysaccharide (Cantarel et al. 2009).
As previously described, Daldinia spp. are known as type II soft-rot fungi that cause erosive degradation of lignocelluloses [ 14]; one sp. D. concentrica has been shown to be able to degrade the recalcitrant non-phenolic structures of lignin [ 15].
A large number of the recalcitrant xenobiotics have been shown to be removable via the natural catabolic mechanisms of microbes, and detailed biochemical studies of the catabolic methods, together with the development of sophisticated genetic engineering, have led to the use of synthetic microbes for the bioremediation of POPs.
Endoglucanases produced in planta have previously been shown to make the plant cell wall less recalcitrant to hydrolysis [ 23].
Oxidoreductases such as polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) and peroxidases have been shown to be effective in the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants from contaminated sites.
Several enzymes belonging to this family have been shown to play an essential role on the initial oxidation steps of several natural and anthropogenic recalcitrant compounds.
The data reported here, in a woody species, which have shown to be extremely recalcitrant to in vitro embryogenesis, is of particular relevance.
Phenol was also adopted as a representative recalcitrant pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of catalysts under visible-light irradiation, and the results are showed in Fig. 8.
No, sorry, that's an approach to recalcitrant justices recently floated by Newt Gingrich.
