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When the principle and alternative protein isoforms each confer a selective advantage, both are likely to be retained during evolution.
Recent studies in Drosophilid species led to the suggestion that most novel miRNAs originated from non-miRNA sequences and only a small fraction (4%) is expected to be retained during evolution [ 53].
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The presence of a discernable signal in samples derived from higher eukaryotic species suggests that, despite the lack of an obvious cellular phenotype in yeast to date, this mark is likely to be biologically important since it was retained during evolution.
Probably this complex has been retained during evolution for tryptophan synthesis, as it enables substrate channelling and allosteric regulation.
This might be an explanation for why the copies of the fish-specific duplication in PK1 were retained during evolution.
Eight pairs of duplicated IQD genes have been retained during evolution, whereas the IQD sister gene has been lost for each of the other 10 duplication events.
It is difficult to envision why in some cases several species lack a certain receptor while the same receptor has been retained during evolution in other lineages/species.
Thus, it is feasible to speculate that the conserved N-terminal motifs of the different Pti1 subfamilies were retained during evolution because of specific relevant biological functions.
Furthermore, the fact that these pseudogenes were retained during evolution of the hexaploid wheat genome with gene structure conservation could indicate some functional importance.
We inferred that expansion of the expansin gene family occurred along with WGD events, and that these genes were retained during evolution.
We inferred that the expansion of the WRKY gene family occurred along with genome duplication events, and that these genes were retained during evolution.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com