It may also be responsible for activating key nuclear transcription factors that initiate the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators [ 15].
The tissue-specific expression profiles of these genes revealed a common pattern between brain tissues and, notably, are similar to colorectal carcinoma profiles, where increased levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin are responsible for activating expression of several groups of genes [ 31].
ABA stimulates expression of transcriptional activators such as ABF/AREB transcription factors, which are responsible for activating expression of downstream stress-responsive genes in ABA-dependent stress signalling (Zhu 2002; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki and Shinozaki 2006).
This phenomenon is mostly due to a process (most probably caused by A β deposition) that leads to low expression of nuclear factor, E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), that is responsible for activating transcription of antioxidant genes in the response to OxS [ 34, 36, 37].
Down-regulation of TFs and susceptibility in T200 is further supported by evidence of down-regulation of WRKY33 in T200, which may indirectly lead to inhibition of PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 3 (PAD3), which is responsible for activating expression of antimicrobial camalexin.
Biochemical gradients of extracellular calcium are responsible for activating the asymmetric expression of the regulatory gene Nodal (Raya et al. 2004) and inhibition of voltage gradients scrambles normal asymmetry establishment (Levin et al. 2002).
Notably, the ratio between early and late responders is 7∶124 in the simulation, supporting the hypothesis that a small percentage of the population is responsible for activating the whole culture of cells.
Separating these two divergent operons is a small gene encoding the sigma factor, BotR, which is responsible for activating expression of each operon; this gene is transcribed in the same orientation as the neurotoxin-encoding operon (Peck et al. 2011; Hill and Smith 2013).
One explanation for these observations is the presence of an unknown master "switch" that is responsible for activating the expression of virulence determinants.
Finally, the components of F. tularensis that are responsible for activating innate immune responses in the host are just beginning to be identified [31], [66].
