We propose that such interactions may be responsible for adaptation to regional environments.
These QTL×environment and QTL×QTL interactions suggest that subtle ecologically relevant changes in light, temperature, and relative humidity are differentially felt by alleles controlling flowering time and may be responsible for adaptation to regional environments.
Changes in DNA methylation have been proposed to be responsible for adaptation to stress by Arabidopsis thaliana plants and the pine tree population naturally grown in the vicinity of Chernobyl [12], [13].
Mutations at E2-T213R of VEEV [50] and E2-T219A of Ross River virus (RRV) [51] were also shown to be responsible for adaptation of these viruses to a new host species.
The effect was dampened in the cooler Sweden-like environment implying that subtle changes in light quality, rate of change of day length, and temperature are differentially integrated at the genetic level and thus may be responsible for adaptation to regional abiotic cues.
For example, using genome-wide scans, genes that might be responsible for adaptation to high-elevation hypoxia were found in human Tibetan populations [ 5].
For example, gene family expansions in phenotypically important genes have been shown to be responsible for adaptation of insects to insecticides [ 34].
This is necessary because when an allele in the worm consistently has favourable (or unfavourable) effects and no interaction with the genotype of the sheep, it would always be under positive (or negative) selection and, thus, such an allele could not be responsible for adaptation to specific sheep genotypes (i.e. low WEC sheep).
According to our data, in Vitis vinifera, like in humans and mammals, most duplicated genes are responsible for adaptation or response to environmental changes and thus are strongly relevant for cultural needs, where the protection of plants from pathogens and climate variability is of great importance.
First, there was the Le pouvoir de vie - the force that led to increasing complexity and was responsible for the evolution of the major life forms (hence homologous structures); second, there was L'influence des circonstances - the adaptive force that was responsible for adaptation of animals to their environment (and analogous structures).
The goal of many conservation scientists is to sequence the genomes of a species and then understand which section is responsible for adaptation, including such traits as migratory abilities, dispersal, and the ability to adapt to warmer temperature.
