However, ER-α expression can be regulated through epigenetic modification, for instance methylation at the promoter [ 15], by post-translational modifications, or through direct interaction with corepressor proteins that repress ER-α-mediated transcriptional activity [ 16, 17].
The resonance frequency can be regulated through magnetic anisotropy.
Some transcripts may be regulated through the release from repression of PHO2/UBC24 or regulated by other factors such as PHL1.
Several studies have presumed that ENaC activity and conductance are regulated through a direct interaction with actin cytoskeleton [9], [12], [23], [24], [30].
These results demonstrate that Igfbp-2 gene expression is regulated through the direct binding of PPARα to the Igfbp-2 promoter.
Since the suppressive effect of TGF-β on CDO mRNA expression was observed after relatively long time (more than 12 h after stimulation) (Fig. 3d), we speculated that it is regulated through not a direct but an indirect mechanism which requires protein synthesis.
Of interest, although ArnB (PmrH) is regulated through a PmrA binding site (a direct repeat of CTTAAT separated by 5 nucleotides) [43], we also found that the PmrA-regulated gene arnB also contains an atypical PhoP box, while the promoter of the gene for the protein Ugd detected in our analysis contains binding sites for PhoP, PmrA, and RcsB [44], [45].
In addition, it is plausible that tef is regulated through the circadian clock as well as a direct light pathway.
Overexpression studies estimated that more >300 genes encoded by the Arabidopsis genome are regulated through the DREB/CBF pathway with >100 genes confirmed as direct targets (Seki et al., 2001; Fowler and Thomashow, 2002).
