Bad and Caspase-9 are thought to be key regulators of cellular apoptosis whose activity is regulated, in large part, by Akt phosphorylation [ 25, 40, 41].
The transcription of genomic information in eukaryotes is regulated in large part by chromatin.
The activities of Pyk2 and FAK and their contribution to specific cell functions, including apoptosis, are regulated in large part by their shuttling between different compartments of the cell.
Flux through the HBP and thus the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc is regulated in large part by the metabolism of glucose; this is regulated by l-glutamine-d-fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), which converts fructose-6-phosphate to glucosamine-6-phosphate with glutamine as the amine donor [9].
In Drosophila, male courtship behavior is regulated in large part by the gene fruitless (fru).
Murine neutrophil migration is regulated in large part by the chemokines MIP-2 and KC.
The intrinsic ∼24 h periodicity of the clock is regulated in large part by controlling the subcellular localization and stability of PER CRY complexes through the opposing activity of kinases, phosphatases, and ubiquitin E3 ligases.
The mucosal barrier of the upper respiratory tract including the nasal cavity, which is the first site of exposure to inhaled antigens, plays an important role in host defense in terms of innate immunity and is regulated in large part by tight junctions of epithelial cells.
The function of MT1-MMP is regulated in large part by its localization; MT1-MMP activity has been observed at invadopodia [ 53- 55], lamellipodia [ 35], and focal adhesions [ 56], with CD44 cleavage and secretion appearing to play a role in the localization of MT1-MMP to the invadopodia [ 35].
However, a major problem with the view that selective constraints acting on coding sequence evolution are mostly affecting molecular events during translation is the fact that gene expression is regulated in large part through transcription rather than translation (70% transcriptional to 30% translational according to Lu et al. 2007).
