We examined the regulation of ORB+ genes to determine if they are any more or less likely than genes which have been transferred intact to be regulated by multiple regulators, and found no difference in the relative complexity of regulation of ORB+ and ORB- lateral gene sets (P = 0.96, by the Wilcoxon rank sum test).
However, it is a complicated regulation system because one gene can be regulated by multiple miRNAs and one miRNA has many different targets.
In addition, Fra-1 expression is reported to be regulated by multiple means, including transcriptional activation, microRNA regulation, phosphorylation and protein stabilization (44 46).
The histological results support the conclusion that ENTPD3 is in position to impact both noxious and non-noxious somosensory transduction and transmission, but underscore that the regulation of somatosensory purinergic signaling is complex and likely to be regulated by multiple enzymes acting in tandem.
Of note, SREBP-1c expression can be regulated by multiple pathways, involving AKT, STAT3 and mTOR signaling6,7.
After elucidation of the role of first such protein, OsSAP1, in abiotic stress tolerance, 18 rice stress associated protein (SAP) genes have been shown to be regulated by multiple abiotic stresses.
A conclusion is that adaptation is likely to be regulated by multiple and redundant mechanisms.
In Arabidopsis, a member of Bric-a-Brac/Tramtrack/Broad gene family, BT2, has been shown to be regulated by multiple signals including nitrogen nutrients and to suppress nitrate uptake (Mandadi et al. 2009; Araus et al. 2016).
It is conceivable that Pet1 can be regulated by multiple transcription inputs at different subpopulation of 5-HT neurons.
During this stage, MARCKS transcription may be regulated by multiple molecules, which compensate for the lack of Dysbindin.
In principle, progranulin expression and secretion in neurons or other cell types in the brain could be regulated by multiple mechanisms none of which have been extensively investigated.
