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It is found that II and IV can be reformulated by using the variable transformation (u(x)=a+b-x) from I and III, respectively.
Based on Equation (1), many expressions for the microkinetics, for example, the reaction rate and reversibility, can be reformulated by using only chemical potentials.
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That is, the speed of proposed algorithm is reformulated by using forward and backward steps, and it further smooth the location state; it results in larger estimation errors around the corners.
Problem (4.5) can also be reformulated by nonsmooth equations using other methods, e.g., [15].
We use a constraint generation algorithm where each sub-problem (the recourse problem) can be reformulated by a mixed-integer linear program and hence solved by a standard solver.
In the suggested method, particles' status has been redesigned in discrete form so as to make PSO proper for discrete scenarios, and particles' updating rules have been reformulated by making use of the topology of the signed network.
First, in line with a position taken previously by certain IS researchers [ 13, 76], the third hypothesis was reformulated by reversing the causal direction of the relationship posited between extended use and user satisfaction.
After some discussion in the 13th century it was reformulated by Descartes in his Meditations (1641).
Kant's galactic hypothesis was reformulated by H. Curtis and confirmed by E. Hubble (1921).
The Kocks Mecking theory is reformulated by finding a new expression for the recovery rate term.
UM4 was reformulated by decomposing the reactions C120SN and KAS16 in its corresponding activities.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com