Many nontuberculous mycobacteria have recently been recognized as pathogenic [ 18].
Of these, only L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are recognized as pathogenic for warm-blooded hosts.
Genome-wide association studies have linked multiple regions to autism, and the role of genetic alterations within several genes for example, SHANK3, NRXN1, NLGN3, NLGN4X and CNTNAP2 [ 4, 5] is recognized as pathogenic.
This will be recognized as vandalism.
Some avian A/H5 and A/H7 strains of influenza virus are recognized as highly pathogenic (HP) in domestic poultry and concerns arise that this phenotype may carry over to infections of humans.
Both Mycoplasma and Peptostreptococcus are recognized as significant pathogenic microorganisms due to their resistance to common antibacterial agents.
Alterations in EPC biology are recognized as modifiable pathogenic biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and, at the same time, therapeutic targets of drugs with vascular effects.
In those reports, mechanisms of Sirt1's antifibrotic effects were explained by suppression of both cyclooxygenase 2 expression [ 44] and activation of TGF β-induced Smad3 [ 46], both of which are recognized as classical pathogenic factors in diabetic nephropathy.
The potential to cause oxidative stress is a feature of many pathogenic particles (Donaldson et al. 1996), and oxidative stress in cells exposed to particles is recognized as a key pathogenic event that can lead to cell death, inflammation (Donaldson and Tran 2002), and genotoxicity (Schins 2002).
Finally, Coxiella burnetii (as R. diasporica), R. africae (as ESF agent), and Legionella pneumophila (as Tatlock agent) [36] were considered to be non-pathogenic rickettsiae in the past, before being recognized as human pathogens [33].
