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When injected, he hypothesized, the cells would be recognized as foreign invaders by the immune system, which would attack them.
Apart from their role as scavengers (see the video of a macrophage consuming bacteria), macrophages play a key role in immunity by ingesting antigens and processing them so that they can be recognized as foreign substances by lymphocytes.
The resulting cell surface complex would then be recognized as foreign by the host's immune complex.
Attractive candidates are the fusion proteins generated by the characteristic chromosomal translocations, since they are likely to be recognized as foreign as no immune tolerance against these novel proteins has been induced.
Semi-allogeneic trophoblast expressing paternal antigens should be recognized as foreign by maternal immune cells and provoke a rejection response.
However, when the cytosine in CpG sites is methylated, deamination of methylcytosine produces thymine, which cannot be recognized as foreign and thus less likely to be repaired [ 2].
Similar(50)
Antigens are recognized as "foreign" by circulating immune cells and thereby trigger an immune response.
When such mutant proteins appear on the surface of tumour cells, they are recognized as foreign and rejected.
In addition, most intravenously applied NPs are recognized as "foreign" by the body system.
This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of how the intracellular innate immune system detects HCV infection, including how HCV pathogen-associated molecular patterns are generated during infection and where they are recognized as foreign by the innate immune system.
Our results also show that ASFV specifically activates the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Rad-3 related (ATR) pathway in ASFV-infected swine MDMs from the early phase of infection, most probably because ASFV genome is recognized as foreign DNA.
More suggestions(17)
be recognized as open
be banned as foreign
be recorded as foreign
be identified as foreign
be labeled as foreign
be charged as foreign
be rejected as foreign
be reinforced as foreign
be damaged as foreign
be treated as foreign
be recognized as important
be taxed as foreign
be used as foreign
be registered as foreign
be labelled as foreign
be seen as foreign
be viewed as foreign
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