Between- and within-subject consistencies of these variability metrics were quantified by variance components estimated using a nested random effects model.
Here "variability" could be quantified by the variance or any other measure of statistical dispersion.
Small, visually undetectable changes in FHR variability can be quantified by power spectral analysis of FHR variability.
This variability can be quantified by calculating both, the average positional entropy of the alignment and the normalized mutual information (NMI) between each pair of positions in the alignment (see Methods for details).
Human variability in the heat health relationships will be quantified by using statistical distribution concepts and incorporated into statistical models for impact analysis.
The risk is quantified by the variability used to define the probability distribution" [ 28] Binninger goes on to state "there is no foolproof way short of experimentation to provide guarantees about the scale of errors introduced by factors that we don't know".
The environmental variability was quantified by the variance of the respective means of replicates.
Probabilistic concepts are also employed due to numerous sources of uncertainty in the degradation model and the extent of damage is quantified by considering the spatial variability of the various parameters.
Noise in the PET imaging volumes was quantified by both the background variability on the high activity day of imaging (~ 0.29 MBq/ml) (Eq. 3) and the scatter/background counts in the cold (no activity) lung insert of the phantom (Eq. 4).
This output variability is quantified by the output's power spectrum and appears in the denominator of the coherence function.
The effect of inter-year variability is quantified by using a modified form of the loss of power supply probability as the reliability objective.
