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By clearly defining visceral vs. non-visceral WAT, shifts in body fat distribution can now be quantified as changes in the ratio between visceral and non-visceral fat mass.
Functional divergence of gene family members at the protein level can be quantified as changes in conservation at specific residues between an FFRP and its related homologs compared to another FFRP and its related homologs (previously described by Gu, et al. 2013 [ 22]).
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Rates of change were quantified as changes in similarity (assessed by Bray-Curtis using the software Primer® on untransformed data of species abundances per panel) to a reference community per unit time.
Mammary tumor growth was quantified as changes in integrated density of GFP fluorescence, using methods developed by Hoffman and co-workers [ 30- 32] and previously described by us in [ 26, 33- 35].
Proteins were quantified as above.
For a fixed genotype, plasticity can be quantified as the change in phenotype when the environment is varied (for a binary phenotype) or the slope of the phenotype environment curve (for a continuous phenotype variable) (Scheiner 1993; Pigliucci 2005; Bergland et al. 2008).
Vulnerability to climate change can be quantified as the degree to which a system is susceptible to and unable to cope with adverse impacts of climate change.
Changes were quantified as relative changes from baseline values.
This lateral distension was quantified as a change in the sectional area within cuticular landmarks, and was not related to SCP (Figure 8, full dataset: F1,27 = 0.22, p = 0.644 >−14°CC: F1,15 = 0.13, p = 0.722).
Network formation was quantified as fold change relative to comparator.
The effect of MBON activation on sleep amount is quantified as percentage change in sleep.
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