Thirdly, parents may be prone to inter-sibling bias that invalidates this type of comparison.
Interpreting the Tubex test results was found to be difficult and the results were prone to inter - reader variation.
Currently, tumour volume delineation is typically performed manually by visual interpretation of PET or computed tomography images, which is prone to inter- and intra-observer variability [7]-[9].
We relied on visual examination and Doppler study for this purpose; however, we could not avoid the ischemic complication as both these methods lack objectivity and are prone to inter-observer variability.
Furthermore, the measurements lack objectivity and are prone to inter-observer errors.
This method of assessment has shown to be poorly reliable and is prone to inter- and intraobserver variability [ 5– 7], making clinical decision making and surgical planning difficult.
In some cases, polyp morphology was determined by post hoc review of endoscopic images which is prone to inter-observer variation and thus imprecise.
It often relies on the clinician's judgment; however, the interpretation of clinical signs and symptoms lacks standardization and validation and is prone to inter-observer variability [ 27].
Histological Gleason grade currently gives the most accurate assessment of growth status of PCa; however, it is prone to inter- and intra-observer error (Gleason, 1992).
Such findings are prone to inter-observer variations even by FISH analysis and it is likely, that the cut-off level of 2.0 for definition of amplification is at least reached once if multiple counts of multiple areas are executed.
However, a weakness of the WHO guidelines is the effort needed for manual bi-dimensional tumour measurement of several target lesions, a technique which is also shown to be prone to a high inter-rater variability.
