All subsequent clones were produced by modification PCR amplifications from pNW55.
As sensitive materials phthalocyanines (Pc) have been found to exhibit excellent sensing performance and compounds with highly varying sorption properties and good sensing performance can be produced by chemical modifications applied to the base structure.
HA biomaterials can be produced by chemical modification such as esterification of the carboxyl or hydroxyl groups by benzyl alcohol (HYAFFTM) (Benedetti et al. 1993).
Although naturally occurring penicillins such as penicillin G (produced by Penicillium chrysogenum) have a relatively narrow spectrum of biological activity, a wide range of other penicillins can be produced by chemical modification of the natural penicillins.
An extensive range of carrageenans of divergent and, in some cases, unique properties can thus be produced by chemical modification, their characteristics being tailored to suit the needs of individual applications or particular customers.
For example, substrates for Escherichia coli nitroreductase and pH sensors can be produced by exploiting particular modifications of the cyanine nitrogen atoms.
However, the cyanobactins have been shown to be produced by the posttranslational modification of the gene-encoded precursor peptides (e.g., Schmidt et al. 2005; Donia et al. 2008a).
ThI2 also has two modifications, which can be produced by varying the reaction temperature: at 600 °C, α-ThI2 is formed, while a reaction temperature of 700 850 °C produces β-ThI2, which has a golden luster.
Some modifications to Matrigel can be produced by the direct interaction of radiation with Matrigel.
The American Academy of Anti-Ageing Medicine, a US-registered non-profit organisation, believes that a "transformation" can be produced by a combination of interventions, which include hormones, antioxidants, lifestyle modifications and exercise.
