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Recent study indicated that the transcripts of TE could be processed into small RNAs (endogenous siRNA), which fulfilled regulatory functions from the maintenance of genome stability to stage-specific gene activation or silencing [5], [6], [7].
Antisense pseudogene transcripts can be processed into small regulatory RNAs [ 48, 49] or to complementarily bind to their functional counterparts and influence their expression [ 50, 51].
Author's response: This manuscript is based on the hypothesis that a subset of lncRNAs could be processed into small RNAs thereby also potentially contributing to independent functions.
Human vtRNAs can be processed into small RNAs (svRNAs) by a mechanism different from the canonical microRNA (miRNA) pathway, but at least some of these svRNAs can regulate gene expression similar to miRNAs (Persson et al., 2009).
Two pairs of genes among the candidates (Table 4) were found to possess overlapping transcripts; one possibility is that these overlapping transcripts form double-stranded RNAs that may be processed into small RNAs [ 88].
For instance, they can be derived from miniature-inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) because the inverted repeat with a short internal sequence can be transcribed and form a hairpin structure that can be processed into small RNAs.
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Depending on the presence and the position of dibasic cleavage sites the secreted precursor peptide will subsequently be processed into smaller, single and/or multi domain inhibitor peptides.
Alternatively, they may be expressed as part of long RNA transcripts that would not be detected in our northerns or be processed into smaller RNAs not targeted by our probes.
For example, two brain-specific box C/D RNAs SNORD115 (HBII-52) and SNORD116 (HBII-85) were shown to be processed into smaller RNAs that can affect the outcome of alternative splicing of various pre-mRNAs by preventing the formation of particular pre-mRNA splicing variants [ 18].
In insects, however, nearly all identified PPs are believed to be processed into smaller inhibitor peptides conforming to the presence of putative dibasic cleavage sites between inhibitor domains [ 5- 8, 12, 13] and the detection of several insect (locust) PLD-related single domain peptides in the haemolymph [ 12].
Heterochromatin transcripts are processed into small single stranded RNA fragments through the slicer activity of Ago1 in the RITS complex (Irvine et al., 2006).
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