Sentence examples for be processed in solution from inspiring English sources
The fact that most layers of organic solar cells can be made from materials that can be processed in solution and deposited using low-cost casting methods in ambient conditions is a great advantage of solution-processed (SP) solar cells (SCs).
In the category of inorganic thin film SCs, CIGS and CZTSSe SCs have acceptable PCEs and stability and can be processed in solution and deposited using coating and printing methods, as well as the conventional evaporation-based methods.
These polymeric thin film devices may be processed in solution at lower temperatures compared to their inorganic counterparts, and can be readily deposited using a low-cost casting method.
Thin film chalcopyrite SCs, based on Cu(In,Ga Se2 (CIGS) and related alloys, are usually deposited using vacuum-based vapor phase methods, but can be processed in solution and casted, as well, to reduce the cost.
Therefore, the focus of this paper is more on potential for large-scale fabrication of thin film devices that can be processed in solution using wet chemistry and deposited using proper printing or coating techniques.
The third generation of SCs, also called emerging SCs, is still in the category of thin film SCs, but most of the layers of such SCs are processed in solution and deposited using a casting method.
To assess the shift of ribosomal proteins, parallel cultures were processed in solutions that contain 30 mM EDTA instead of cycloheximide.
Owing to the advantages of solution-processed thin film deposition methods, such as processing in ambient conditions to reduce the fabrication cost, this work focused on inorganic and organic materials that can be processed in liquid solution and deposited using low-cost scalable methods.
In contrast, perovskites can be processed in a liquid solution at temperatures as low as 100 degrees, using inexpensive equipment.
Fluorescein encapsulation efficiency was 30% if pure water was used during the supercritical extraction as processing fluid; whereas an encapsulation efficiency of 90% was obtained if the liposome suspension was processed in water/fluorescein solution.
Baseline films were processed in fresh solutions, whereas follow-up films were processed in fresh and in increasingly exhausted solutions (ie, 1, 2, and 3 weeks old).
