It cannot be assumed that all reactions are present or active at the same time, so we have to measure the active pathway network.
In particular, proteins secreted by pathogens (bacterial, protozoan, fungal, viral or helminth) mediate interactions with the host, because these are present or active at the interface between the pathogen and the host cells, and can regulate or mediate the host responses and/or cause disease [ 5, 6].
In the future, she hopes to find out just how holey the skin can get before it becomes structurally unsound — and if the holes are present, or even more abundant, in more active species that need more oxygen.
In assessing a test result, readers judge whether the claimed active ingredient is present or absent and whether an unapproved filler or substitute ingredient is present.
Previous reports in other cell types indicate that intracellular folates can be present as active form, or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), and non-active forms as polyglutamated folates [58] [60].
TFPI levels bound to lipoprotein and in platelets, and circulating TFPI that may be present in active form or less active cleaved TFPI [ 61, 64].
Although H3K27me3 has also been reported to be present at transcriptionally active or poised loci [ 52], the absence of active chromatin marks in the Foxg1 promoter region in cerebellum but not in the cortex, strongly suggest specific repression of Foxg1 in the cerebellum.
Moreover, genome-wide studies have also identified SUMO to be present in active open chromatin regions38.
France had to be "present and active" following Friday's attacks, Mr Fabius said.
